Internal diameter of flute body tube.
Standard 13,622 in/s ≈ 346 m/s at 24.5°C (76°F).
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Hole Frequencies & Notes
7 Tone HolesSound waves extend slightly past the physical opening of a pipe before reflecting. For an un-flanged open tube end or tone hole, the standard acoustic end correction is:
where R is the internal bore radius (R = Bore Diameter / 2).
7-HOLE FLUTE PIPE LENGTHS
Formula: L = (v / 2f) - 0.6R
Calculated acoustic values for each note (Step 1: Raw Length; Step 2: Final Corrected Length):
Cut Length Summary Table
| Hole # | Note | Freq (Hz) | Raw Pipe Length | End Correction | Final Pipe Length |
|---|
Acoustic Tube & Hole Position Diagram
Visual scale representation of calculated physical length from embouchure / stopper to open tone holes.
Flute Acoustics & Calculation Guide
1. Half-Wavelength Physics
An open cylindrical pipe vibrates at half-wavelength fundamentals ($\lambda / 2$). The uncorrected acoustic wave length $L_0$ for a frequency $f$ and speed of sound $v$ is given by:
2. End Correction (0.6R)
The standing wave inside the flute extends slightly beyond the physical opening into surrounding ambient air. To tune the note accurately, this virtual extension $0.6 \times R$ is subtracted:
3. Temperature Impact
Speed of sound in dry air varies with temperature $T$ (°C):
At room temperature (20°C / 68°F), $v \approx 13,504\text{ in/s}$. At warm breath temperature (24.5°C / 76°F), $v \approx 13,622\text{ in/s}$.